PECULIARITIES OF EXTERIOR OF PRIMARY COWS OBTAINED FROM BULLS MONBELIARD, NORWEGIAN RED AND HOLSTEIN BREEDS

Ukrainian Red- and Black-and-White dairy breeds, which are the most common in region, as well each biological system, constant variability need scientifically-based support improvement not only general milk productivity, but also such specific features duration of economic use reproducibility. A systematic approach optimization breeding programs search for optimal crossbreeding options populations domestic breeds is a little-studied relevant area research.
 The aim research to study peculiarities formation exterior first-born cows obtained from bulls Montbeliard, Norwegian Red Holstein breeds.
 Materials methods research. was conducted 2019–2020 on basis 4 farms Cherkasy region. 120 heads 201 Red-and-White 80 first-generation Montbeliards, 96 were taken into account. Comparative evaluation animals productive traits, type carried out within herds, taking account structure genotype animals. morphological physiological udder by determining shape size measurements at 2–3 months lactation 1 hour. 30 min before milking.
 functional properties studied intensity production (kg/min.) during control milking. yield determined formula proposed N. P. Pogribna others. growth repair heifers index decline energy Yu. K. Svechin, L. I. Dunaev, V. Kovalenko. Biometric processing experimental data – statistical, correlation analysis variance performed according A. Plokhinsky E. Mercury computer IBM PC/AT.
 Research results. At age six among local breeders Montbeliard Breed received live weight more than 200 kg (when using Breeders reproduction, 6 174.4–182.1 kg), over 380 (383.5–384.8 15 440 (442.9–449.9 kg). From birth age, breed had higher compared crossbreeds Breed. After outnumbered their peers terms with an unlikely difference.
 high rates well-developed breasts depth, width girth: height withers buttocks, respectively 133.7 ± 0.96 cm 136.1 1.05 chest depth (72.9 1.17 cm), 42.6 2.18 cm) girth 193.0 1.54 wide back macula 51.6 3.77 sm buttocks 35.2 1.09 sm.
 Body first-borns 1/2URW1/2M heads: 124.7 3.71 (below 9.0 (P > 0.95) URW); 127.9 2.19 (8.2 below firstborn URW breed) 0.99), oblique body length 158.3 13.82 (4.6 breed)). However, they measuring breast 75.3 3.11 (2.4 47.7 2.40 (5.1 sm), circumference 205.0 10 (12 0.99)), (6.1–3.1 0.95)).
 Black- and-White 130.9 1.22 137.2 0.86 cm, respectively, girth. Local selection no significant difference basic those same breeders.
 Regardless breed, large volume (in 128.6 3.14 148.7 2.66 sm, 35.1 1.23 40.3 1.55 29.5 3.26 33.8 4.36 sm.) With proportionally developed parts udder, bath- or cup-shaped, firmly attached abdominal wall cylindrical teats. Duration milking 10.1 0.167 12.2 0.157 minutes, rate 1.90 0.01 2.50 0.07 kg/min. It found that increasing daily yield, increased: coefficients (r = 0.439–0.577) have reliability (td 3.97–7.58). value genotypes different ranged 43.4 0.06% 45.2 0.02%.
 Conclusions. crossing did effect under 12 age. Crossbreeding made it possible obtain inferior growth, developed, three-dimensional body, pelvis. genetic material has contributed desired good characteristics meet modern requirements machine mil.